How To Write An Article Review Essay, Detailed Instructions

The most effective method to Write An Article Review Essay, Detailed Instructions What is an article survey An article audit is a procedure of fundamentally assessing writing inside a particular field, itâ entails summing up, characterizing and leading correlation among various exploration discoveries. Article survey includes scanning for logical articles among databases to recover applicable exploration discoveries introduced by various writers. The reason for audit is to offer the two understudies and researchers the chance to assess crafted by different specialists in a particular field. Â Using the article audit process, specialists offer basic sentiments about other master research work. Procedures engaged with Article Review Article survey includes introducing your examination of a subject dependent on an article finding to individuals who are acquainted with a particular subject matter. It requests proficient composition with exclusive requirements and a top to bottom introduction of our conclusion. Significant focuses to consider before beginning to audit an article incorporates understanding that an article survey doesn't require new data, yet requires our reaction dependent on another writers work. Article audit requires a basic assessment and examinations utilizing speculations, thoughts and exploration discoveries that are identified with the current subject. A decent article survey ought to have efficient thoughts that manufacture thoughts and present its contentions reliably. Perusing and exploring Before beginning the audit procedure, it is critical to peruse the chosen article to have a superior comprehension of the article content. It is fitting to peruse and re-read the article to recognize a portion of the regular topics depicted in the article. In the wake of perusing the article, it is imperative to pinpoint the key focuses introduced by the writer, Â this basic advance will help recognize the principle article purposes of contention that helps in working up coherent contentions while evaluating the article. Setting up an Outline A blueprint is a key when composing aâ perfect paper, itâ makes the composing simple when introducing articles contentions. Composing a framework includes picking the particular proclamation that presents the fundamental motivation behind the survey, known as the proposition. A proposition articulation expresses the principle thoughts and helps control their stream. Proposal explanations are an impression of our judgment or assessment which can be created from perusing or individual encounters. Building up a proposal proclamation involves introducing the goal communicated by the creator and introducing if the creators expectation were figured it out. Concocting a layout requires the essayist to peruse the article and note down significant realities and some other commitments made by other important examination discoveries. A decent framework needs to distinguish information holes and any logical inconsistencies. Â An framework ought to likewise involve a portion of the inadequacy and qualities of the recognized articles lastly summing up the paper dependent on solid information. Composing a survey Presentation The initial segment is the presentation, the presentation starts with referencing the name of the article. For instance, the article named New proof on the treatment of ADHD by Lucian, Barnes-Holmes, and Barnes-Holmes talks about treatment and the board of ADHD among youngsters. The principal section ought to incorporate a proposition explanation. The other significant focuses during presentation incorporate composing how the article identifies with other exploration discoveries on the particular subject. When composing an article audit, the point should be obviously expressed, refering to the recognized article toward the start of the paper, which is likewise significant. Â Presenting the subject toward the start of the paper will convey to the peruser about the primary motivation behind the composition. The subject should be engaging and should feature the most significant purposes of the article to be checked on. The subject should be definitive, reminiscent or testing. Refering to the article will empower the peruser to realize the particular article being referred to, for instance: Luciano, C., Barnes-Holmes, Y., Barnes-Holmes, D. (2002)? New proof on the treatment of ADHD. Exploration in Developmental Disabilities, 23 (6), 406-421. During a presentation, one will clarify the models the creator utilized while breaking down and furthermore contrasting its discoveries, one will clarify the association for the survey. The body of the survey When composing a survey, the body of the paper should start with a theme sentence that expresses the principle thoughts of the section. Â Starting the section with a point sentence presents the peruser with the thought early. The body of the paper ought to incorporate information broke down or citations, or a lot of examination demonstrating proof. The body of the article should layout the contentions that help the proposal explanation followed by a rationale advancement of thoughts noted when building up the framework. It is critical to cite a few realities introduced by the writer to delineate the fundamental article thoughts. While surveying an article, it is imperative to sum up the entire thought of the article, including what the writer expressed by noticing significant realities and other article discoveries. The following stage is to investigate the article by featuring the articles qualities and shortcomings dependent on your conclusion. It is likewise basic to recognize the writers commitment in the particular field and furthermore feature the holes and any logical inconsistencies found in the article. Â Criticizing an article involves taking an outlook to either bolster or not bolster the writers discoveries. All these ought to be upheld up by certainty and speculations that apply to the point. When picking cites from the article to help your contention, its imperative to choose and talk about materials from the article to demonstrate your point. Citations help in building up a contention about the creators work utilizing your words. End The finishing up passage needs to sum up the perspectives on the article and furthermore rehash the theory proclamation. In this segment, finishing up implies returning to the fundamental thoughts of the article and featuring our assessment of the article. The end likewise presents the chance to give a path forward for additional examination. A compelling end needs to go past outline and welcome the writers endeavors and the criticalness of the article. End causes the perusers to acknowledge how you built up a contention or if the paper responded to the inquiry. Â The end ought to be created from a perusers viewpoint. Toward the finish of the paper, the peruser needs to increase new knowledge from the paper about the subject of conversation. Looking into the draft In the wake of finishing the principal draft of the survey, its imperative to reconsider the composed paper to check for spelling and syntax. Editing needs to erase superfluous and tedious expressions or words and furthermore include any missing data before presenting the last work. Â Proofreading needs to check for mistakes in citations or in references, rationale advancement and furthermore check if the paper has a strong help for the theory articulation. During the survey, significant changes of the substance are permitted before presenting the last work.

Web-base enterprise applications security guidelines Research Paper

Web-base venture applications security rules - Research Paper Example Besides, the task additionally gives certain methodologies and rules that ought to be kept up so as to guarantee security of electronic endeavor applications. In the contemporary business condition pretty much every venture have online presence for giving data, yet in addition for collaborating with key partners, for example, clients, customers and vendors among others through various electronic applications. From web based imparting application to electronic venture, undertakings are continually producing online applications that give expanded access to fundamental data. As of now online applications are viewed as soul of today’s present day ventures as they grant representatives to perform urgent business exercises. At the point when these applications are permitted to get to big business systems, they can without much of a stretch offer data. Prior, when the online applications were created, the data security systems were genuinely easy to force, all things considered, present day undertakings are thinking about various security dangers. Customer driven apparatuses have discharged another pattern of electronic applications which can without much of a stretch be penetrated and can basically avoid the customary venture organize security obstructions (Fortinet, â€Å"Controlling Web 2.0 Applications in the Enterprise†). As organizations are developing, undertakings are getting progressively reliant on online applications, the perplexing units are getting all the more testing to make sure about. A few endeavors secure their system through introducing firewalls and ‘Secure Socket Layer’ (SSL) among others, yet the greater part of the electronic assaults are focussed on the application level, instead of system level and these security strategies can't forestall those assaults. In like manner, the key inspiration for undertaking this investigation is to devise certain rules so as to ensure and make sure about the venture organize. Furthermore, the paper additionally means to examine approaches so as to upgrade the

CP7 Podcast with Kumar Ramachandran from CloudGenix about Wide Area Networks (SD-WAN)

CP7 Podcast with Kumar Ramachandran from CloudGenix about Wide Area Networks (SD-WAN) INTRODUCTIONMartin: Hi today we are here with CloudGenix CEO Kumar. Hi, Kumar who are you and what do you do?Kumar: Thank Martin, Im Kumar Ramachandran, founder, and CEO of CloudGenix. What CloudGenix does is generally what we call the Software Defined-Wide Area Network or SD-WAN for short. What we do is transform the way remote offices are connected back to the data center and clouds by allowing customers to use low-cost connectivity by eliminating the need for the traditional complexity of networking and really basing a system that is based on application and policy definitions instead of lots of complexity that seems to rule todays networks from the legacy vendors.Martin: Cool, when did you start CloudGenix and what did you do before?Kumar: So we started CloudGenix in early to mid-2013. I spent several years of my career between applications and networking infrastructure. While I started my career out building applications for companies like Citi Bank, I migrated to networking. I had a long stint at Cisco where among various things I was responsible for remote office networking and branch networking products, which is the space that we are disrupting now.Martin: Cool. Kumar, at what point and time did you think for yourself: Hey, I want to start a company?Kumar: You know for an entrepreneur usually it is a combination of things. I usually like to say that there are at least two or three things that I look for myself. I think that space is big enough and interesting enough to form a company around it.So, the first thing is that I like markets that are very large. The remote office networking, the WAN category is anywhere between $25 billion to $40 billion depending on which analyst and how you count the numbers in terms of total addressable market. That makes it a great opportunity for the team and the investors.The second thing I like to look for usually is that you are delivering a significantly transformative customer value. Usually, I like to think of it as 10x better than any existing solution out there and that is exactly what we did with CloudGenix. My co-founders, in terms of head of engineering as less my technical architects they came up with a way to do networking that is 10x better while being 50% less expensive for our customers. So thats why we decided to found this company.Martin: Great and how did you start out? I mean how long did it take you develop the technology for the MPV version? How did you acquire and convince the first customers?Kumar: That is a great question and a topic that I am passionate about. I like to believe that I am a student of the lean start-up philosophy. I have had the pleasure of taking Steve Blank courses during my MBA at UC Berkeley. Steve Blank is actually the godfather for the implementation model of lean start-up. Its like Eric Ries the person that wrote the book on lean start-up, he was the student of Steve Blank too.Really what Steve brings to the table and the practical implementation th at Eric brings to the table is a model where you look at customer development not as something you do after building a product, but really up front in the process, where in you are building a product with validated information that indeed this product has a great market.When we got started, even though we have deep building experience, we didnt go about building all the bells and whistles engaging in a three-year project to develop an enterprise class solution. What we did is we went to customers to whom we initially showed the slidedeck where we subsequently built prototypes. Made the customer deploy those early prototypes in the labs and the production environments even in some cases. And what that gave us is valuable feedback that initial things we were building were adding immense value to these customer organizations. Right from day one we have been focused on doing three month spent while we have been delivering those products to customers in a very meager manner.Martin: How l ong did this first or initial phase of the customer development take you? How many months?Kumar: It took us about 6 to 9 months to purely refine the product we were building. Compare to a lot of start-ups everywhere, this is shorter time frame for us, its because we were very familiar with this space and the customer feedback was very clear and very strong. What that allowed us to do really is that space of 6 months we narrowed down exactly what we were building, how we were building, which market segments we were targeting, and after that we have just been making sure the product is hardening.BUSINESS MODEL OF CLOUDGENIXMartin: Kumar, lets talk about the business model of CloudGenix. What type of customer segments are you serving what type of value proposition?Kumar: I like to categorize the CloudGenix customers in two ways. One is because we are a remote office solution any vertical that has a lot of funnel in terms of their presence is a target customer for us. So some of the key verticals for us are:retail, you have a lot of retail store locations,healthcare that you have lots of hospitals,banks and financial services,manufacturing,any place where you have funnel.Now Ill give a familiar example of a specific customer and do a little bit of color on the value to that. Columbia Sportsware, one of our regular customers, besides working with them, they really had three big problems. One, their WAN costs were way out of whack with that infrastructure cost. Two, their ability to deliver high definition video, a lot of rich media in-store video. Three, they have operational effort required to keep the network up especially through the holiday season when they need high availability was extremely taxing on the team.We took on all three challenges head on. With CloudGenix they were able to use their Wide Area Networking cost by 50-70%. Second, they now have a network infrastructure all which they can deliver Omni-channel initiators in retail; things like video kios k, things like rich media to the store, etc. Third, operationally because they are providing a highly available model for networking their operational teams have had an exceptionally high performing holiday season dilemma and now we are into 2015 where the marks are for network downtime in the storage has declined while the operational team itself doesnt have to do any manual intervention. All this then goes back to the builders. Infrastructure and IT exist to drive and help the builders.So now what we are now translating for them is:one, better up time for the stores means better sales;two, the Columbia Sportsware to expand like trying to roll out the new stores is reduced dramatically. Now when the business says, we need to make a change or we want to open a store IT is not a bottleneck.Martin: Normally its with technology driven companies there is some kind of very interesting technology in the first place, which is very new, which then translates into business opportunities wher e some industries are disrupted and so on so forth. In your case, it seems to me that this technology is SD-WAN. Can you tell us a little bit about that? What it is and how it is used?Kumar: Okay, absolutely. SD-WAN or Software Defined-Wide Area Network, there are some core principles to it. If you look at the old model of how to build the network you actually have to put physical hardware at every one of your remote locations. Oftentimes, these were custom pieces of proprietary hardware that are very expensive, very difficult to maintain from legacy vendors. Second, you have what is known in networking as really a fragmented system. Think of it in terms of a central big brain creating an operating network. The brain is fragmented across all parts of your system. A fragmented brain is very difficult to manage and very brittle. Third, because the brain is fragmented it relies on extremely expensive connectivity from the carriers.What SD-WAN does with CloudGenix is:We have moved away from the need for using proprietary hardware for networking. You can obtain an update from where ever you want and you can run our solution as software.There is the central brain that builds and operates the network. Due to the need for a lot of complexity that comes from a fragmented model that incumbent vendors put out today.What we are able to do with our customers, we start going to cloud, we start looking for being able to take advantage of fully automated solutions in the CloudGenix model.All that you do as a customer is you come and specify application intent. Now, what does that mean? So you are typically coming in and saying: Okay for this particular application here is my security policy. Here is my performance policy. Here are any compliance requirements that I have. Once you specify that the CloudGenix system will be able to take it and build an operator network on behalf of the customer. What CloudGenix SD-WAN does is eliminate the need for hardware, provide a big centr al brain, and eliminate the need for a lot of traditional networking complexity.Martin: At some point after you started the company you need to think about a sustainable competitive advantage. Something like an IP, patent, economies of scale, or some kind really interesting way of how to reach and serve the customers. What is your sustainable competitive advantage? At what point in time did you start thinking and executing on it?Kumar: The core differentiators of the company really come down to the fact that we are providing an application based model to go build your network. Now there is absolutely nobody in the industry that has successfully done this before. So its truly path breaking innovation on that front that if you think about it in the past anyone had to build a network you literally had to go into the bits and bytes to go build that network. The analogy I like to give in application development is that if you were using an assembly language to write your code you probabl y wont be able to build a model on that site like Google, Facebook, or anything like that. The same is true in networking. Today the language that the networking administrators are given by the vendors is an assembly language. What we are doing is providing a model language to that administrator that the administrator is able to talk the language of business to our system, capture that and our system builds a network on behalf of the administrator. Doing that sometimes requires a lot of technology under the hood that none of the other vendors out there have been able to build in the last few years.Martin: Cool, now I would like to talk to you about some kind of parallel between the networking, natural or biological systems. Can you elaborate on that?Kumar: The old model of building a network is if your brain was completely fragmented. The human body actually has an centralized brain. Our nervous system communicates information that we just get from our body, back to the brain. The b rain makes decisions, sends those decisions back and that is a great model. We all assume to function exceptionally well. Like, my hand have certain independent capabilities: I can pick a pen and that brain can communicate just enough information. I am fascinated with how those networks are being built today rather than in the past.The way networks are built then is really that it is how your brain would be fragmented all over the place and you are struggling to clear that coordination. So now if you have to even pick something with two hands somebody else would have to help coordinate these two hands together. That is why you have a lot of network administrators needing to program and manage the network, which is very brittle.What we have really done is moved to a model that you can have a central brain, a TCN Wireless Network  sees all the devices in the network and orchestrates them. Like the human body is a great example of how these systems work. Large scale networks really ne ed central brains. Now the trick there is to make sure the access to the brain is super fast, the brain doesnt become a bottleneck that you have a large capacity in the brain that you dont have a headache or anything else. Those are all things that we brought to the table as the path breaking innovation. That is a great question by the way.ENTREPRENEURIAL ADVICE FROM KUMAR RAMACHANDRANMartin: Lets talk about your learnings over the last years. So what are the Dos and Donts that you can share with other people who are interested in starting their own company?Kumar: You know by far the biggest thing I would say goes back to the principle of lean start-up. There are way too many companies that we see where engineering teams hunker down, build to an early product and then they see product market fit after that. In fact, this is similar to ours. I see companies and what it causes them to do is waste a lot of engineering resources and time. Money and time are backup to the startup you are finding.In place of lean start-up get a certain validation. I like to say, dont believe the nice between the ears, Steve Blank. Get out of the building, deliver your product to your customers, and get the validation. Getting verbal validation is not enough. Dont be afraid to ask for responsible validation process, absolutely dont be afraid to ask for things back from the customer. Ask the customer to test the product in the lab. Ask the customer for appeal. Ask the customer for something. There is a value to the customer or the customer organization because that is what provides you validated feedback.What you will find is that it doesnt matter how early the product, how early the market, youll find those early adaptive customers that referred to as beacon light, that will tell you if you are on the right track and on the right formation of the MVP.That applies to anyone going down this path that in the end most start-up die of indigestion, rather than starvation. Be very judicious about what you build and how you build it.Martin: What are the main or the key questions you would like to answer during the customer development process?Kumar: During the customer development process, the high level single biggest question is that: Am I solving a problem for the customer for which the customer is going to pay me money or compensate me otherwise? This building process has to be about my assumption as a great engineer will figure out a solution to tough problems. So finding innovative solutions if you have a great team you are going to do that. The question really is that innovative team building innovative solutions for a rich problem set.The single biggest question that will get answered is that if you think that you can potentially solve three or four problems for your customers, get validations against that. If those problems are really that important to your customer even when you dont have a product, even when you are in the prototype phase, you will find that the customer is either investing in you by giving up their time, taking your early prototype into a lab or even cutting appeal for you. But you have to get something from the customer back. If you are just showing slides to a customer and asking the customer for feedback that is oftentimes where a customer is too nice. So it is critical to get to a place that you getting something of value from the customer. That is what we tell you that if the customer feels that you are really solving something worth paying for or are they just being nice by telling you what you are working on is great.Martin: What have the customers offered to you? Was it like cash, payment, or some other type of value?Kumar: You know in our case the thing we asked our customer was to take the product into their labs and spend a week or two testing it, then give us feedback. The only thing more precious for most customers in IT these days is their time. In fact, time is more valuable than even money because they guys are doing so many projects. Sometimes we didnt even ask them to get approval from their managers to work on this project. It is not a side project, but it is really a formal evaluation. What that did in the very early stages is that it gives us very direct feedback. Some of the problems that we thought that we would solve, we had actually customers come back and say: You know, Im not sure that its interesting, but I dont think I want to take the time. And then you knew that that was real feedback. You didnt know the people so the slides were great. The fact that they are not willing to take your product into their lab, you say: Okay, this problem is not worth the time of this customer. So you will find a different customer or find a different problem.Martin: Before you raised your first round of financing what type of validation did you try to show to the investors?Kumar: We were a little early compared to maybe software based companies these days. We did get validation from c ustomers in two ways. One was we built a lot of mockups. We didnt have a functional product because it takes a lot longer to build a functional product. But for some customers we had slideware and then we went a bit further with PMO that we actually built pick through mockups. So the customer could pick through the mockups and get a first-hand sense of how the product would work.Martin: Cool, great, thank you so much for sharing you knowledge Kumar. It was a pleasure talking to you. I wish you all the best and luck with your new business.Kumar: Thank you very much, Martin.Martin: Great, thank you.THANKS FOR LISTENING! Welcome to the 7th episode of our podcast!You can download the podcast to your computer or listen to it here on the blog. Click here to subscribe in iTunes. INTRODUCTIONMartin: Hi today we are here with CloudGenix CEO Kumar. Hi, Kumar who are you and what do you do?Kumar: Thank Martin, Im Kumar Ramachandran, founder, and CEO of CloudGenix. What CloudGenix does is generally what we call the Software Defined-Wide Area Network or SD-WAN for short. What we do is transform the way remote offices are connected back to the data center and clouds by allowing customers to use low-cost connectivity by eliminating the need for the traditional complexity of networking and really basing a system that is based on application and policy definitions instead of lots of complexity that seems to rule todays networks from the legacy vendors.Martin: Cool, when did you start CloudGenix and what did you do before?Kumar: So we started CloudGenix in early to mid-2013. I spent several years of my career between applications and networking infrastructure. While I started my career out building applications for companies like Citi Bank, I migrated to networking. I had a long stint at Cisco where among various things I was responsible for remote office networking and branch networking products, which is the space that we are disrupting now.Martin: Cool. Kumar, at what point and time did you think for yourself: Hey, I want to start a company?Kumar: You know for an entrepreneur usually it is a combination of things. I usually like to say that there are at least two or three things that I look for myself. I think that space is big enough and interesting enough to form a company around it.So, the first thing is that I like markets that are very large. The remote office networking, the WAN category is anywhere between $25 billion to $40 billion depending on which analyst and how you count the numbers in terms of total addressable market. That makes it a great opportunity for the team and the investors.The second thing I like to look for usually is that you are delivering a significantly transformative customer value. Usually, I like to think of it as 10x better than any existing solution out there and that is exactly what we did with CloudGenix. My co-founders, in terms of head of engineering as less my technical architects they came up with a way to do networking that is 10x better while being 50% less expensive for our customers. So thats why we decided to found this company.Martin: Great and how did you start out? I mean how long did it take you develop the technology for the MPV version? How did you acquire and convince the first customers?Kumar: That is a great question and a topic that I am passionate about. I like to believe that I am a student of the lean start-up philosophy. I have had the pleasure of taking Steve Blank courses during my MBA at UC Berkeley. Steve Blank is actually the godfather for the implementation model of lean start-up. Its like Eric Ries the person that wrote the book on lean start-up, he was the student of Steve Blank too.Really what Steve brings to the table and the practical implementation th at Eric brings to the table is a model where you look at customer development not as something you do after building a product, but really up front in the process, where in you are building a product with validated information that indeed this product has a great market.When we got started, even though we have deep building experience, we didnt go about building all the bells and whistles engaging in a three-year project to develop an enterprise class solution. What we did is we went to customers to whom we initially showed the slidedeck where we subsequently built prototypes. Made the customer deploy those early prototypes in the labs and the production environments even in some cases. And what that gave us is valuable feedback that initial things we were building were adding immense value to these customer organizations. Right from day one we have been focused on doing three month spent while we have been delivering those products to customers in a very meager manner.Martin: How l ong did this first or initial phase of the customer development take you? How many months?Kumar: It took us about 6 to 9 months to purely refine the product we were building. Compare to a lot of start-ups everywhere, this is shorter time frame for us, its because we were very familiar with this space and the customer feedback was very clear and very strong. What that allowed us to do really is that space of 6 months we narrowed down exactly what we were building, how we were building, which market segments we were targeting, and after that we have just been making sure the product is hardening.BUSINESS MODEL OF CLOUDGENIXMartin: Kumar, lets talk about the business model of CloudGenix. What type of customer segments are you serving what type of value proposition?Kumar: I like to categorize the CloudGenix customers in two ways. One is because we are a remote office solution any vertical that has a lot of funnel in terms of their presence is a target customer for us. So some of the key verticals for us are:retail, you have a lot of retail store locations,healthcare that you have lots of hospitals,banks and financial services,manufacturing,any place where you have funnel.Now Ill give a familiar example of a specific customer and do a little bit of color on the value to that. Columbia Sportsware, one of our regular customers, besides working with them, they really had three big problems. One, their WAN costs were way out of whack with that infrastructure cost. Two, their ability to deliver high definition video, a lot of rich media in-store video. Three, they have operational effort required to keep the network up especially through the holiday season when they need high availability was extremely taxing on the team.We took on all three challenges head on. With CloudGenix they were able to use their Wide Area Networking cost by 50-70%. Second, they now have a network infrastructure all which they can deliver Omni-channel initiators in retail; things like video kios k, things like rich media to the store, etc. Third, operationally because they are providing a highly available model for networking their operational teams have had an exceptionally high performing holiday season dilemma and now we are into 2015 where the marks are for network downtime in the storage has declined while the operational team itself doesnt have to do any manual intervention. All this then goes back to the builders. Infrastructure and IT exist to drive and help the builders.So now what we are now translating for them is:one, better up time for the stores means better sales;two, the Columbia Sportsware to expand like trying to roll out the new stores is reduced dramatically. Now when the business says, we need to make a change or we want to open a store IT is not a bottleneck.Martin: Normally its with technology driven companies there is some kind of very interesting technology in the first place, which is very new, which then translates into business opportunities wher e some industries are disrupted and so on so forth. In your case, it seems to me that this technology is SD-WAN. Can you tell us a little bit about that? What it is and how it is used?Kumar: Okay, absolutely. SD-WAN or Software Defined-Wide Area Network, there are some core principles to it. If you look at the old model of how to build the network you actually have to put physical hardware at every one of your remote locations. Oftentimes, these were custom pieces of proprietary hardware that are very expensive, very difficult to maintain from legacy vendors. Second, you have what is known in networking as really a fragmented system. Think of it in terms of a central big brain creating an operating network. The brain is fragmented across all parts of your system. A fragmented brain is very difficult to manage and very brittle. Third, because the brain is fragmented it relies on extremely expensive connectivity from the carriers.What SD-WAN does with CloudGenix is:We have moved away from the need for using proprietary hardware for networking. You can obtain an update from where ever you want and you can run our solution as software.There is the central brain that builds and operates the network. Due to the need for a lot of complexity that comes from a fragmented model that incumbent vendors put out today.What we are able to do with our customers, we start going to cloud, we start looking for being able to take advantage of fully automated solutions in the CloudGenix model.All that you do as a customer is you come and specify application intent. Now, what does that mean? So you are typically coming in and saying: Okay for this particular application here is my security policy. Here is my performance policy. Here are any compliance requirements that I have. Once you specify that the CloudGenix system will be able to take it and build an operator network on behalf of the customer. What CloudGenix SD-WAN does is eliminate the need for hardware, provide a big centr al brain, and eliminate the need for a lot of traditional networking complexity.Martin: At some point after you started the company you need to think about a sustainable competitive advantage. Something like an IP, patent, economies of scale, or some kind really interesting way of how to reach and serve the customers. What is your sustainable competitive advantage? At what point in time did you start thinking and executing on it?Kumar: The core differentiators of the company really come down to the fact that we are providing an application based model to go build your network. Now there is absolutely nobody in the industry that has successfully done this before. So its truly path breaking innovation on that front that if you think about it in the past anyone had to build a network you literally had to go into the bits and bytes to go build that network. The analogy I like to give in application development is that if you were using an assembly language to write your code you probabl y wont be able to build a model on that site like Google, Facebook, or anything like that. The same is true in networking. Today the language that the networking administrators are given by the vendors is an assembly language. What we are doing is providing a model language to that administrator that the administrator is able to talk the language of business to our system, capture that and our system builds a network on behalf of the administrator. Doing that sometimes requires a lot of technology under the hood that none of the other vendors out there have been able to build in the last few years.Martin: Cool, now I would like to talk to you about some kind of parallel between the networking, natural or biological systems. Can you elaborate on that?Kumar: The old model of building a network is if your brain was completely fragmented. The human body actually has an centralized brain. Our nervous system communicates information that we just get from our body, back to the brain. The b rain makes decisions, sends those decisions back and that is a great model. We all assume to function exceptionally well. Like, my hand have certain independent capabilities: I can pick a pen and that brain can communicate just enough information. I am fascinated with how those networks are being built today rather than in the past.The way networks are built then is really that it is how your brain would be fragmented all over the place and you are struggling to clear that coordination. So now if you have to even pick something with two hands somebody else would have to help coordinate these two hands together. That is why you have a lot of network administrators needing to program and manage the network, which is very brittle.What we have really done is moved to a model that you can have a central brain, a TCN Wireless Network  sees all the devices in the network and orchestrates them. Like the human body is a great example of how these systems work. Large scale networks really ne ed central brains. Now the trick there is to make sure the access to the brain is super fast, the brain doesnt become a bottleneck that you have a large capacity in the brain that you dont have a headache or anything else. Those are all things that we brought to the table as the path breaking innovation. That is a great question by the way.ENTREPRENEURIAL ADVICE FROM KUMAR RAMACHANDRANMartin: Lets talk about your learnings over the last years. So what are the Dos and Donts that you can share with other people who are interested in starting their own company?Kumar: You know by far the biggest thing I would say goes back to the principle of lean start-up. There are way too many companies that we see where engineering teams hunker down, build to an early product and then they see product market fit after that. In fact, this is similar to ours. I see companies and what it causes them to do is waste a lot of engineering resources and time. Money and time are backup to the startup you are finding.In place of lean start-up get a certain validation. I like to say, dont believe the nice between the ears, Steve Blank. Get out of the building, deliver your product to your customers, and get the validation. Getting verbal validation is not enough. Dont be afraid to ask for responsible validation process, absolutely dont be afraid to ask for things back from the customer. Ask the customer to test the product in the lab. Ask the customer for appeal. Ask the customer for something. There is a value to the customer or the customer organization because that is what provides you validated feedback.What you will find is that it doesnt matter how early the product, how early the market, youll find those early adaptive customers that referred to as beacon light, that will tell you if you are on the right track and on the right formation of the MVP.That applies to anyone going down this path that in the end most start-up die of indigestion, rather than starvation. Be very judicious about what you build and how you build it.Martin: What are the main or the key questions you would like to answer during the customer development process?Kumar: During the customer development process, the high level single biggest question is that: Am I solving a problem for the customer for which the customer is going to pay me money or compensate me otherwise? This building process has to be about my assumption as a great engineer will figure out a solution to tough problems. So finding innovative solutions if you have a great team you are going to do that. The question really is that innovative team building innovative solutions for a rich problem set.The single biggest question that will get answered is that if you think that you can potentially solve three or four problems for your customers, get validations against that. If those problems are really that important to your customer even when you dont have a product, even when you are in the prototype phase, you will find that the customer is either investing in you by giving up their time, taking your early prototype into a lab or even cutting appeal for you. But you have to get something from the customer back. If you are just showing slides to a customer and asking the customer for feedback that is oftentimes where a customer is too nice. So it is critical to get to a place that you getting something of value from the customer. That is what we tell you that if the customer feels that you are really solving something worth paying for or are they just being nice by telling you what you are working on is great.Martin: What have the customers offered to you? Was it like cash, payment, or some other type of value?Kumar: You know in our case the thing we asked our customer was to take the product into their labs and spend a week or two testing it, then give us feedback. The only thing more precious for most customers in IT these days is their time. In fact, time is more valuable than even money because they guys are doing so many projects. Sometimes we didnt even ask them to get approval from their managers to work on this project. It is not a side project, but it is really a formal evaluation. What that did in the very early stages is that it gives us very direct feedback. Some of the problems that we thought that we would solve, we had actually customers come back and say: You know, Im not sure that its interesting, but I dont think I want to take the time. And then you knew that that was real feedback. You didnt know the people so the slides were great. The fact that they are not willing to take your product into their lab, you say: Okay, this problem is not worth the time of this customer. So you will find a different customer or find a different problem.Martin: Before you raised your first round of financing what type of validation did you try to show to the investors?Kumar: We were a little early compared to maybe software based companies these days. We did get validation from c ustomers in two ways. One was we built a lot of mockups. We didnt have a functional product because it takes a lot longer to build a functional product. But for some customers we had slideware and then we went a bit further with PMO that we actually built pick through mockups. So the customer could pick through the mockups and get a first-hand sense of how the product would work.Martin: Cool, great, thank you so much for sharing you knowledge Kumar. It was a pleasure talking to you. I wish you all the best and luck with your new business.Kumar: Thank you very much, Martin.Martin: Great, thank you.THANKS FOR LISTENING!Thanks so much for joining our 7th podcast episode!Have some feedback you’d like to share?  Leave  a note in the comment section below! If you enjoyed this episode, please  share  it using the social media buttons you see at the bottom of the post.Also,  please leave an honest review for The Cleverism Podcast on iTunes or on SoundCloud. Ratings and reviews  are  extre mely  helpful  and greatly appreciated! They do matter in the rankings of the show, and we read each and every one of them.Special thanks  to Kumar for joining me this week. Until  next time!

Requerimientos de ingresos para patrocinar green card

Si usted es ciudadano estadounidense o residente permanente legales y està ¡ en el proceso de solicitar una green card para uno o varios de sus  familiares, tendrà ¡ que demostrar recursos econà ³micos suficientes. Si no puede hacerlo, la peticià ³n serà ¡ denegada. Pero,  ¿quà © cantidad de dinero se considera suficiente? La respuesta viene fijada por la ley y va a depender de: nà ºmero de personas que conforman su familia, de dà ³nde se vive y tambià ©n de si se tiene la condicià ³n de militar en activo o no. En este artà ­culo se resuelven esas inquietudes. Ademà ¡s, se informa sobre quà © se puede computar como ingresos para obtener la cantidad que se pide, en quà © momento hay que demostrar dichos ingresos y, por à ºltimo, quà © se puede hacer si no se ingresa la cantidad requerida. Requerimientos de ingresos para patrocinar la green card a un familiar Los requerimientos financieros  son distintos segà ºn las categorà ­as: Familia Militares Alaska Hawaii Resto estados y PR 1 $11,880 $18,550 $17,087.5 $14,850 2 $16,020 $25,025 $23,037.5 $20,025 3 $20,160 $31,500 $28,987.5 $25,200 4 $24,300 $37,975 $34,937.5 $30,375 5 $28,440 $44,450 $40,887.5 $35,550 6 $32,580 $50,935 $46,887.5 $40,725 7 $36,730 $57,300 $52,787.5 $45,912.5 8 $40,890 $63,900 $58,762.5 $51,112.5 Cà ³mo entender la tabla   Existe una categorà ­a para militares en activo que son miembros del Army, los Marines, la Guardia Costera, las Fuerzas Aà ©reas o la Navy deben tener ingresos que equivalen al 100 por 100 de la cantidad fijada como là ­nea   o umbral de la pobreza, que es una cantidad que fija cada aà ±o el gobierno. Y es la que aparece en la tabla superior en la columna que dice: militares. Las diferencias corresponde al nà ºmero de miembros de la familia del solicitante. Para los que no son militares aplican cantidades distintas segà ºn el lugar en el que se radique. Asà ­, los patrocinadores que residen en Alaska deben probar ingresos por al menos el 125 por ciento de la là ­nea de la pobreza para ese estado, que ya està ¡ calculada para este aà ±o y es la que aparece en la tabla superior bajo el nombre de ese estado. Los mismo aplica a los residentes de Hawaii. Por à ºltimo, los patrocinadores que ni son militares ni residen en Alaska o Hawaii deben probar ingresos superiores al 125 por ciento de la là ­nea de la pobreza fijada por ley para lo que se conoce como los 48 estados continuos. Ademà ¡s, esto  aplica tambià ©n a Washington D.C. y al estado libre asociado de Puerto Rico. Son las cantidades que aparecen en la tabla superior en la columna bajo Resto de los estados y PR (Puerto Rico).  ¿Cà ³mo se computan los ingresos para decidir si se cumplen con los requerimientos financieros? La forma mà ¡s rà ¡pida de saber si se tienen ingresos suficientes para patrocinar a un familiar es verificar la declaracià ³n de impuestos à ºltima (tax returns). Si se llenà ³ la planilla 1040 o la 1040A, checar la là ­nea de gross income. Si se completà ³ el formulario 1040EZ, verificar la de adjusted gross income. Son ingresos aquellos que proceden del trabajo, negocios, dividendos de acciones, intereses, desempleo, compensatoria por matrimonio (alimony) y tambià ©n la pensià ³n alimenticia por nià ±os (child support) o beneficios como recibir vivienda gratis por parte del empleador. Sin embargo, no se pueden considerar ingresos los que proceden de programas del gobierno calificados como means-tested. Es decir, cupones de alimentos, Medicaid, Ingresos Complementarios de Seguridad (SSI), Asistencia Temporal para Familias en Necesidad (TANF) y CHIP, un seguro mà ©dico para nià ±os. Es importante destacar que sà ­ se puede patrocinar a un familiar si se reciben uno o varios de esos beneficios calificados como means-tested. Lo que no se puede hacer es sumar esos ingresos al total de ingresos para asà ­ obtener la cantidad mà ­nima que pide la ley para patrocinar. Es decir, dicha cantidad hay que obtenerla sin la suma de lo que se recibe por benefiicios means-tested. Con respecto a los beneficios means-tested conviene resaltar una caracterà ­stica mà ¡s. Y es que si el patrocinador los recibe y su peticià ³n es aprobada tiene que tener en cuenta que si el patrocinado se beneficia de los means-tested el gobierno va a reclamar al patrocinador que se le regresen esos pagos. Ademà ¡s, en relacià ³n a los ingresos conviene saber cà ³mo  afectan las deudas y el mal crà ©dito a los asuntos migratorios Si los ingresos no son suficientes,  ¿se pueden incluir otros bienes del patrocinado, como por ejemplo propiedades? La respuesta es sà ­, excepto en el caso de que el formulario que se emplee en la declaracià ³n de sostenimiento tambià ©n conocida como declaracià ³n jurada de patrocinio econà ³mico o por su nombre en inglà ©s de  affidavit of support, sea el I-864EZ. En todos los demà ¡s casos, sà ­ se puede. Los bienes que pueden utilizarse son todos aquellos que pueden ser fà ¡cilmente vendidos y convertidos en dinero. Es decir, viviendas u otros inmuebles raà ­ces, bonos o acciones. Se considera la cantidad que resulta de su valor despuà ©s de restar cargos como, por ejemplo, hipotecas. En este caso hay reglas diferentes sobre el valor que deben alcanzar. En el caso de patrocinio de adoptados que adquirà ­an la ciudadanà ­a estadounidense al ingresar al paà ­s, se pide que el valor de los bienes sea igual a la diferencia que existe entre los ingresos del patrocinador y los que se le pide por ley segà ºn el tamaà ±o de la familia. Sin embargo, si se trata del patrocinio de un ciudadano a su cà ³nyuge o a un hijo soltero menor de 21 aà ±os, el valor de esos bienes debe ser al menos 3 veces superior a la cantidad que existen de diferencia entre los ingresos del patrocinador y la cantidad que deberà ­a ingresar segà ºn el tamaà ±o de su familia. Y, finalmente, en todos los demà ¡s casos, el valor de esos bienes debe ser al menos 5 veces mà ¡s que la diferencia entre lo que el patrocinador està ¡ ingresando y la cantidad que se le pide por ley. Y si no es suficiente,  ¿se pueden incluir bienes y/o ingresos de la persona patrocinada? La respuesta es sà ­, pero con importantes limitaciones que se deben tener en cuenta. En el caso de los ingresos, por ejemplo, porque la persona que se pide està ¡ trabajando, se pueden tener en cuenta siempre y cuando sea là ³gico esperar que una una vez que obtiene la green card continà ºa recibià ©ndolos de la misma fuente de ingresos.    Ademà ¡s, en este caso, si la patrocinada es una persona es distinta al cà ³nyuge del patrocinador, debe estar en la actualidad residiendo en el mismo hogar. Por ejemplo, una ciudadana americana se casa con un maestro que està ¡ en Estados Unidos trabajando como maestro con una visa H-1B y decide patrocinarlo para la green card. En este caso, si los medios econà ³micos de la ciudadana no son suficientes para patrocinar puede contar los de su esposo, si se espera que seguirà ¡ trabajando para la misma escuela una vez que se convierte en residente. Sin embargo un caso muy distinto serà ­a el de una ciudadana casada con un maestro que trabaja en Mà ©xico. Aquà ­ no puede contar con esos ingresos del cà ³nyuge, porque una vez que el esposo obtenga la green card se mudarà ­a a Estados Unidos y dejarà ­a de tener esos ingresos. Por otro lado, sà ­ es posible contabilizar los bienes, como por ejemplo, propiedades o acciones, que la persona pedida tiene en el extranjero si se cumplen todos de los siguientes requisitos: pueda convertirse en dinero en   un plazo mà ¡ximo de 12 meses se pueda ingresar ese dinero en Estados Unidos. Algunos paà ­ses no permiten el envà ­o de divisas al extranjero o ponen là ­mites, por lo tanto esto hay que tenerlo en cuentay finalmente, el valor neto de esos bienes debe ser al menos cinco veces mà ¡s grande que la diferencia entre los ingresos de la persona que pide y lo que por ley debe ingresar para poder patrocinar.   Lo que no se puede contabilizar para esta cumplir con la obligacià ³n de demostrar ingresos suficientes para patrocinar es una oferta firme de empleo diciendo que una vez que el patrocinado se convierte en residente tendrà ¡ un trabajo. Sin embargo, esta carta sà ­ que puede ser interesante tenerla y mostrarla en el consulado no por la razà ³n de la que habla este artà ­culo sino para demostrar que no existe el problema de ser un riesgo de carga pà ºblica. Esto à ºltimo convierte a una persona en inadmisible y serà ­a causa de negar la green card.  ¿Existe la posibilidad de un co-patrocinador? En el caso en el que el patrocinador no puede cumplir con el requisito de ingreso puede buscar un co-patrocinador,   es lo que se conoce como joint sponsor. Esta persona tiene que saber claramente que asume responsabilidades legales al firmar como tal el affidavit of support. Ademà ¡s, debe cumplir con una serie de requisitos: 18 aà ±os de edad o mà ¡s Ciudadano americano o residente permanente legal que tiene su domicilio habitual en uno de los 50 estados de los Estados Unidos o en sus territorios, como por ejemplo, el estado libre asociado de Puerto Rico.El co-patrocinador debe cumplir con el requisito de ingresos segà ºn el tamaà ±o de su familia Tambià ©n hay que destacar que el co-patrocinador no tiene que ser familiar ni del pedido ni de la persona que pide los papeles para su familiar. Y que incluso es posible tener mà ¡s de un co-patrocinador pero no mà ¡s de dos para el caso en los que se pide a un migrante con varios familiares incluidos en esa peticià ³n.   A tener muy en cuenta Segà ºn el tipo de peticià ³n, el momento de presentar el affidavit of support y la documentacià ³n de apoyo puede demorarse muchos aà ±os. Primero se aprueba el I-130 y luego tiene lugar una segunda fase, que puede ser un ajuste de estatus o un procedimiento consular. Es en esta segunda parte donde tiene que demostrarse que se cumple el requisito. No en la primera de peticià ³n mediante el I-130. Precisamente porque se tarda tanto en algunos tipos de peticiones, como muestra el boletà ­n de visas publicado por el Departamento de Estado, algunos patrocinadores pueden decidir desistir de la peticià ³n. Si se sigue adelante, es importante asesorarse con un abogado migratorio reputado si se tienen dudas sobre cà ³mo llenar las planillas del affidavit of support o cualquier otra. Y tener siempre presente que mentir en un formulario migratorio tiene consecuencias graves. Finalmente, es muy recomendable tomar este test de respuestas mà ºltiples sobre la green card porque aclara de forma sencilla dudas e inquietudes frecuentes sobre asuntos muy relacionados con la peticià ³n de la tarjeta de residencia y responsabilidades para mantenerla. Este artà ­culo es informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Dropping The Bombs On Hiroshima And Nagasaki - 1073 Words

In an attempt to frighten the Communist Soviet Russia, two unnecessary bombs were dropped on Japan. The actions of the President of the United States (U.S.) at the time, Harry Truman, to deploy a nuclear weapon on a near-surrender Japan and two populous cities were viewed as unjust and hasty by the American people. Dropping the bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki was not necessary. In a brief summary, World War II (WWII) was viewed as one of the bloodiest wars to date. The Japanese belief of fighting to the last man and not surrendering played a large role in the decisions made in warfare (Dietrich). After Japan kamikaze-bombed Pearl Harbor, WWII was officially in place and the U.S. was prepared to retaliate to the fullest extent. The first bomb to be dropped on Japan, also the first atomic bomb ever to be used, was the â€Å"Little Boy† which landed on August 6th, 1945. It exploded near the Shima Hospital causing nearly eighty-thousand deaths as a direct impact, and nearly sixty- thousand due to the aftermath of the explosion (â€Å"World War 2†). The second bomb to drop was named â€Å"Fat Man† and it exploded near the Mitsubishi Arms Works plant directly causing seventy-thousand deaths and a total of 140,000 due to the aftermath (â€Å"World War 2†). The city of Hiroshima was an important Japanese city of this time. It held many military advantages for the Japanese. Due to the island being earthquake-prone, majority of the buildings within this bustling city were heavily reinforced and some wereShow MoreRelatedDropping The Atomic Bomb On Hiroshima And Nagasaki2834 Words   |  12 Pages The Atomic Bomb Paula Rabens December 11, 2014 DeVry University Online The event that I chose to discuss is the dropping of the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. 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There are countless pictures, bombs, and destruction caused, but where did it all start? It started in the Martin Bomber Plant right here in Nebraska. The Martin Bomber Plant was commissioned well before Pearl Harbor in September 1940. All over the country, plants were being opened to make bombs, tanks, guns, and more. Even though the Unites States wasn’t fightingRead MoreWas Hiroshima Necessary? Or Hiroshima? Essay1661 Words   |  7 PagesWas Hiroshima Necessary?   Ã‚  Ã‚   After the Japanese dropped the bomb on Pearl Harbor, the United States took serious offense to it. The Americans dropped the bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki because of them dropping the bomb on Pearl Harbor. America dropped the bomb because President Harry Truman commanded that if the Japanese made any attack on us, we would attack them. This bomb badly affected Japan. At least 140,000 Japanese people died, including 20,000 soldiers by December of 1945. At least 90% ofRead MoreA Closer Look at the Bombings in Hiroshima and Nagasaki1485 Words   |  6 Pageswas changed. Two atomic bombs were dropped on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima, and three days later, August 9, 1945, on Nagasaki that ended World War II. Japan had already been a defeated nation from conventional bombs and World War II. Many innocent lives were lost, psychological scars were left on the lives of the bomb survivors, and thus many lives were changed forever. The atomic bombings caused many people to have genetic effects due to the radiation from the bombs. Revisionists have saidRead MoreWas Hiroshima Necessary? Or Hiroshima? Essay1661 Words   |  7 PagesWas Hiroshima Necessary? After the Japanese dropped the bomb on Pearl Harbor, the United States took serious offense to it. The Americans dropped the bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki because of them dropping the bomb on Pearl Harbor. America dropped the bomb because President Harry Truman commanded that if the Japanese made any attack on us, we would attack them. This bomb badly affected Japan. At least 140,000 Japanese people died, including 20,000 soldiers by December of 1945. At least 90% of theRead MoreAtomic Bombs And Its Effects On Japan1369 Words   |  6 PagesCan you imagine how many atomic bombs that have killed many Japanese during, World War II in Japan? On August 6, 1945, a new weapon with a significant explosive power known as the atomic bombs just has been dropped on Japan. The dropping of this weapon on Hiroshima and Nagasaki there were 262,020 civilians were killed. The United States to chose the atomic bomb in order for Japan to surrender and end the war quickly. Likewise, President Truman as the duty as president and Commander in Chief to protectRead More Drop The Bomb? Essay656 Words   |  3 Pages U.S. History - Grech Atomic Bombs Dropped on Japan, Justified? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;On August 6th and 9th of 1945 U.S. bombers dropped atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, causing utter destruction and many deaths. These bombs were dropped as the Pacific battles of World War II were coming to an end. Soon after Japan surrendered, ending the war. But, was the use of atomic warfare necessary? Was it too harsh and cruel to the JapaneseRead MoreEssay on Atomic Bombing on Japan937 Words   |  4 PagesHiroshima: Was Dropping the Atomic Bomb a Military Necessity? On the morning of August 6th, 1945 at around 8:16 a.m., the United States dropped the first bomb on Hiroshima. This bomb was given the nickname â€Å"Little Boy.† Three days after the first atomic bomb was dropped, on August 9th, 1945 at around 11:02 a.m., the United States dropped a second atomic bomb on Nagasaki. This bomb was given the nickname â€Å"Fat Man.† These two bombs immensely destroyed these cities and took the lives of many people

Social Acceptances And Critical Thinking In Adolescents Education Essay Free Essays

Critical thought is the attitude of being willing to see in a thoughtful manner the jobs that come within the scope of 1s experiences ; cognition of the methods of logical probe and logical thinking ; and some accomplishment in utilizing those methods ( Glaser, 1941 ) . Another definition of critical thought is a alone and calculated thought in which the mind consistently and normally inflicts standards and rational criterions upon the thought, taking charge of the construction of thought, steering the construction of the believing harmonizing to criterions, and mensurating the effectivity of the believing harmonizing to the intent, standards, and the criterions of thought ( Richard Paul, 1995 ) . Peter Facione ( 1990 ) stated: † We appreciate critical thought to be calculated, self-regulatory determination, which consequences in reading, analysis, rating, and illation, every bit good as justification of the evidentiary, theoretical, methodological, criteriological, or background considerations upon which that determination is based † . We will write a custom essay sample on Social Acceptances And Critical Thinking In Adolescents Education Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Facione went on to depict good critical minds as â€Å" habitually speculative, intelligent, trusting of ground, open-minded, flexible, fair-minded in rating, honest in forepart of personal prejudices, careful in doing judgements, willing to reconsider, clear about jobs, orderly in complex affairs, hard-working is seeking relevant information, sensible in the choice of standards, focused in probe, and changeless in seeking consequences which are every bit precise as the topic and fortunes will let. † The Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education in the UK provinces that a pupil should be able to do critical opinions and ratings as portion of their generic accomplishments ( The Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education, 2002 ) . Thinking is the most cardinal of adult male ‘s abilities. We are able to sort, analyze, generalize, deduce, induce, make determinations and work out jobs without holding been taught to believe officially. It might non needfully be true that being able to believe spontaneously would take to the ability to believe efficaciously and good. The basic issue that justifies the call for learning thought in schools is the grounds that after 11 old ages of schooling, many pupils are unable to use the content cognition acquired in school to real-world jobs. The concern sector is kicking about the quality of the alumnuss they received from the universities who sometimes could non even grok direction manuals, what more the manner a piece of equipment plants. In the instance of the United States, the diminution in the pupils ‘ thought competency was farther highlighted by the consequences of the National Assessments of Educational Progress. Teaching pupils to believe would intend to be tter the quality of their thought so that it would be consistent, productive, meaningful and effectual. The ability to believe critically and creatively becomes more important in the age of information and globalisation whereby persons have to screen through dozenss of information which is non needfully relevant. One of the challenges confronting Malaysia amidst its economic development is the accomplishment of a critical thought society. This would heighten and vouch the success of research and development plans in add-on to holding other socioeconomic effects. The Malayan Ministry of Education realized the above-named demands and had begun to slowly shoot the thoughts of critical and originative thought in the school system every bit early as in the late 1980s concurrent with the debut of the Integrated Curriculum for Secondary Schools ( KBSM ) as a mechanism to recognize the National Education Philosophy. The Ministry realized that the old course of study was non balanced and over-emphasized the rational facet more than the religious, emotional and physical facets. Although cognitive accomplishments were highlighted, they were merely those on the lower measure of Bloom ‘s categorization, which consist of the ‘lower order accomplishments ‘ . The KBSM was an betterment as it encourages treatment and enquiry. Some of the instruction schemes that it proposed were methods of find and enquiry, treatment, the Socratic method of oppugning and job work outing through the scientific method. The KBSM was to develop and heighten pup ils ‘ rational capacity with regard to rational, critical and originative thought. However, the greatest drift to stress the instruction of thought in the instruction system came after the Prime Minister unveiled his Vision2020 for the state in 1991. Malaysia ‘s Vision 2020 describes nine challenges confronting the state that aspires to develop holistically which includes development of the assorted dimensions such as economic sciences, societal, political relations, psychological science, religious, and cultural. Interestingly, one of the major challenges lies in furthering and developing a mature democratic society, practising a signifier of mature consensual, community-oriented Malayan democracy. To run into this challenge would necessitate Malaysians to believe positively, critically and creatively. The most important move made by the Ministry after the KBSM was the debut of the construct of the ‘smart school ‘ in 1997, whereby originative and critical thought would go one of its landmarks, the other being the focal point on the petition of informations and communicating engineerings in instruction and acquisition. The Ministry of Education and the Faculty of Education of public universities throughout the state mounted more research on the educating of critical and originative thought accomplishments, particularly in the 1990s. Unfortunately, this punctilious research were largely kept on the library shelves garnering more dust and was ne’er able to inform the practicians in the Ministry and schools. Therefore, practicians were unable to utilize research as a model for doing practical determinations. In the context of Malaysia, most of them either could non acquire entree to the relevant literature, do non possess the learning civilization for self-reformation, are excessively busy learning and fixing pupils for scrutiny or are self-satisfied with their patterns despite the worsening educational criterions. Eisner wrote on this phenomenon of educational research seldom informing educational pattern and suggested some alterations in attack that research workers need to set about if educa tional research desires to inform educational pattern. The Ministry of Education has conducted several undertakings and plans of believing accomplishments in schools through the Curriculum Development Centre ( CDC ) , and Teachers ‘ Education Division ( TED ) . They have besides conducted workshops and provided preparation to instructors. For case, the CDC conducted a pilot undertaking on believing accomplishments across the course of study in 1992/1993 in the territory of Gombak, Selangor. This undertaking involved 10 secondary schools and Form One teachers. The intent of this undertaking was to expose instructors to believing accomplishments, how to be after and fix instruction and acquisition stuffs, and formulate schemes for learning thought. At the terminal of this undertaking, instructors were found to hold that believing accomplishments were utile and should be taught in schools. They felt that due to the restraint of clip, the extract attack is most suited for learning thought. The Ministry introduced the Program for Instruction in Learning and Thinking Skills ( â€Å" PeningkatandanAsuhanDayaIntelek † ; PADI or PILTS ) in 1992. The chief focal point of the PILTS Program is the designation of a nucleus of relevant thought and larning accomplishments to be taught, integrating of these accomplishments in the content being learned, supplying appropriate instructions and rating of the accomplishments taught. The consciousness of a demand to learn believing earnestly in schools gained impulse when in 1993, Tan Sri Dr Wan ZahidMohamadNoordin the so Director-General of Education made it the duty of the learning profession to develop believing accomplishments in society through brooding enquiry. He asserts that â€Å" instructors must prosecute in brooding enquiry, transmit cognition, attitude, and accomplishments. They should develop believing accomplishments. The pupil should non merely be taught to reply inquiries, but besides to inquiry replies and to o ppugn inquiries † . † The Curriculum Development Centre even published a manual to explicate the construct, theoretical account and instruction schemes for learning critical thought accomplishments to instructors. ‘ A twelvemonth subsequently he announced that the chief mark of the Ministry of Education by the twelvemonth 2000 is to hold sixty per cent of the scrutiny inquiries to be of the â€Å" critical thought † nature. In fact the SijilPelajaran Malaysia ‘s History paper in 1994 had already used inquiries which require critical thought. Subsequently, in 1996 the Teacher Education Division ( TED ) of the Ministry of Education, introduced a class entitled â€Å" Critical and Creative Thinking Skills † in its Post-Degree Teaching Program ( KPLI ) . This class was an attempt to educate future instructors on how to learn believing accomplishments across the course of study. The TED besides introduced this topic for its in-service classs. The societal component in Kuhn ‘s ( 1991 ) definition refers to the treatment of thoughts with equals who are engaged in a collaborative procedure of cognition edifice. Research workers have argued that equal relationships are alone in their ability to supply the types of interactions that lead to the development of empathy, knowledge, and societal behavior ( Youniss, 1980 ) . Johnson and Johnson ( 1999 ) maintain that collaborative equal larning promotes greater conceptual development and consequences in greater enjoyment of the acquisition undertaking. Collaboration is thought to lend to higher order larning through cognitive restructuring or struggle declaration. Anderson, Howe, Soden, Halliday, and Low ( 2001 ) stated thatpeer communicating can hold a positive consequence on conceptual development as a map of conceptual struggle. However, in add-on they note that grounds besides exists ( Roazzi A ; Bryant, 1998 ) for the positive effects of understanding. Many surveies have examined the effectivity of intercessions aimed at bettering critical thought accomplishments ( see Pithers and Soden, 2000 ) . These intercessions have included the construct of guided pattern ( Anderson et al. , 2001 ) and scaffolding ( Wood A ; Wood, 1996 ) to guide pupils through the thought procedure by measuring their current degree of believing through duologue and so inquiring inquiries to travel them into the following degree. Other intercessions have involved the debut of equal interaction into critical thought undertakings in an effort to better pupils ‘ cognitive accomplishments in this country ( Anderson et al. , 2001 ; Schwartz, Neuman, Gil, A ; Ilya, 2003 ) . Research by Anderson et Al. ( 2001 ) supported Kuhn ‘s ( 1991 ) suggestion that critical thought accomplishments, in peculiar evidence-based justification, can be improved with guided pattern. Their research involved vocational instruction pupils from Further Education colleges who were engaged in peer-based critiquing of each others ‘ undertaking proposals. It was found that face-to-face equal interaction was good in bettering critical thought accomplishments ; nevertheless, justification tended to be anecdotal in nature or based on personal experience, as opposed to justification utilizing research-based grounds. Ocker and Yaverbaum ( 1999 ) used a repeated-measures experimental design to compare pupil groups each of which teamed up on two instance surveies, one utilizing face-to-face association and the other utilizing asynchronous computing machine discoursing. Their findings indicated that tie ining in the on-line status was merely every bit successful as in the face-to-face status, in footings of acquisition, high quality of solution, solution content and pleasance with the solution. Newman, Webb, and Cochrane ( 1995 ) besides compared face-to-face groups with on-line groups, concentrating on the deepness of critical thought. They found grounds for critical thought in discourse from both face-to-face and computing machine conference seminars and their analysis showed similar deepnesss of critical thought in on-line treatment and face-to-face one. However, a greater proportion of new thoughts emerged in the face-to-face seminars, whereas more thoughts in the computing machine conferences were coded as of import, justified or linked together. Newman et Al. ( 1995 ) argued that the asynchronous environment discouraged pupils from brainstorming and lending new thoughts, but instead encouraged considered, good thought-out parts. Newman et Al. ( 1995 ) developed an extended content analysis technique, based on Garrison ‘s ( 1991 ) theoretical account of critical thought, to code the online and face-to-face parts of pupils on an Information Society faculty. However, they did non code every statement in the transcripts, pretermiting to number or code content that was deemed excessively subjective or interpretative for intending to be faithfully inferred. Therefore, their method of analysis involved sorting merely the obvious illustrations and disregarding content that could non be identified easy as belonging to a peculiar crit ical thought class. Statements were described as frequently demoing more than one index and there was no step of translator dependability as it was hard to clearly specify a unit of analysis. Therefore, the dependability of this method is questionable when trying to objectively measure the nature of educational discourse and the degree of critical thought in face-to-face treatment and online transcripts utilizing a quantitative content analysis technique. The critical thought accomplishments known by the board of experts were reading, analysis, appraisal, tax write-off, description, and self-regulation. If the degree of critical thought in adolescence pupils is measured, it is truly helpful to curriculum developer or who are in charge to educational policy to do the best determination for learning believing accomplishments. In the universe beyond the schoolroom, high school pupils are au naturel to powerful messages that confuse attempts to believe critically. The cardinal demand for critical thought in and beyond formal acquisition in mundane life, relationships, ethical picks, and in the saving and development of participatory democracies grows more and more evident ( Edwards, 2001 ; Halpern, 2003 ; Pithers, 2000 ) . The proliferation of information via the Internet will merely be managed efficaciously by persons with well-developed thought accomplishments. Critical thought used to be thought of as an rational exercising expected merely of an educated influential. This pattern of trusting on a little subdivision of the population to be the minds for society is superseded ( Hay, 2001 ) . Marshak ( 2003 ) writes: The public school system that we have today was constructed during the first two decennaries of the twentieth century. . .public schools were shaped to suit industrial theoretical accounts of efficient industry. One cardinal function for schools was screening kids harmonizing to their evident abilities and promoting many to fall out and travel to work every bit unskilled laborers. In add-on to the academic lower status of the schools that normally serve big alternate populations, economically hard-pressed and alternate households frequently lack the cognition or connexions with establishments that can ease entry into college or a occupational preparation plan, every bit good as possible support beginnings and career options ( Neill, 2003 ; Stanton-Salazar, 1997 ) . This deficiency of societal capital or entree to societal constructions in order to achieve a certain terminal well affects their future chances. It is truly pointed out how these pupils are farther disadvantaged when thei r school experience does non include the development of critical thought accomplishments like job resolution, determination devising, concluding through statement, and acknowledging ways in which they may avoid delicate irresistible impulse into a life style that is counterproductive to puting long-run purposes. High school pupils who do non divert a hereafter that includes station secondary instruction manner out the K-12 grapevine prior to graduation at a much higher rate than their privileged fellow pupils. A recent survey by the Urban Institute ( Orfield, Losen, Wald, A ; Swanson, 2004 ) exposed that the national high school drop-out rate is far greater than the provinces ‘ self-reported rates. In California, the Numberss are peculiarly high, particularly among Afro-american and Hispanic pupils ; merely 57 % of African-Americans and merely 60 % of Latinos graduated in 2002, compared with 78 % of White pupils and 84 % of Asians. The branchings of such big Numberss of drop-outs for the person, their households, and society are profoundly dismaying as are the suggestions that pupils are being forced out by schools seeking higher duty trial tonss ( Harvard University, 2005 ) . Statement of Problem It is clear that adolescence is one of the most critical phases in homo ‘s life span. In this phase, they typically increase the sum of clip spent with their equals. Besides communicating with equals helps them to socialise in society, there are many knowledge accomplishments that may larn by equal interactions. Harmonizing to the cognitive theory striplings start to believe logically. They use theories and programs to work out their jobs, so it could be conveyed critical thought procedure Begin in adolescence. Although it is equivocal in which degree critical thought appear in this phase and does it be affected by societal elements. Furthermore limited research related to critical thought in adolescence was identified. since critical thought in adolescence is subject-specific ( Ennis, 1989 ; Facione, 1990 ; Tindal A ; Nolet, 1995 ; Angeli, 1999 ; Halliday, 2000 ) , and they learn many accomplishments through communicating with equals and society so at that place seems to be a demand for a survey that would explicate the critical thought ability of stripling and its interaction with peer communicating and societal behavior. Theoretical Model This survey based on combination of both cognitive and societal cultural theory: Piaget ( 1958 ) stated striplings begin to believe logically, inventing programs to work out jobs and consistently testing solutions. So harmonizing Piaget theory critical thought should accrue in adolescence. Vygotesky ( 1978 ) accent on the societal component in kids ‘s construction of cognition has led to the coaction with equals helps scholars reach new cognition. Conceptual Model Three chief variables will be utilized in this survey. However, there are any possibilities about the manner of relationship or interaction between them. It is obvious human ecology of participants will be influenced in societal elements ( societal credence and peer communicating ) straight, although it is equivocal which societal variables, societal credence or equal communicating, intercede other variable to critical thought. It is a more possible theoretical account of relationship between variables. Degree centigrades: UsersHomeDesktopUntitled.jpg Justification of Study As a portion of formal operational phase in Piaget theory, procedure of visual aspect of critical believing start in adolescence. Adolescents should get down to take some chief personal and societal determinations in their life. It are seen that 90 % of striplings associate themselves with a equal group. The nature of an stripling ‘s behavior is greatly influenced by his friends and comrades. Research Questions This survey includes three research inquiries that investigate possible interactions between critical thought, societal credence and equal communicating. A Is there significance grounds of critical thought in striplings with high degree in equal communicating? Is there significance grounds of critical thought in striplings with high degree in societal credence? Make critical thought and societal credence and peer communicating interact with each other? Significance of Study This survey has the possible to impact the research participants themselves, and besides the population of adolescence pupils they represent. Bing able to explicate critical thought accomplishment in footings of the independent variables used in the survey could assist course of study developers, pedagogues, and decision makers to develop the critical thought rating and public presentation processs necessary to raise the overall critical thought accomplishments and temperaments of pupils. This survey is of import because many people and organisation could utilize of its determination. This determination will be utile for all educational centres, schools and particularly for The Malaysian Ministry of Education. There is plentiful grounds that a big proportion of high schools inadequately arrange immature people for the real-world demands of work, higher instruction, and mundane life. Primary among the shortages recognized are competences associated with specific higher degree cognitive procedures, or merely set, critical thought. High school alumnuss must be able to judge the credibleness of beginnings, evaluate statements, and separate among facts and sentiment.to evaluate [ the media ] to assist them place possible prejudice†¦ assist them go assurance media consumers. . . to construe, make informations to inform determinations or draw decisions. Students themselves recognize the importance of higher order believing accomplishments in footings of their ability to win as immature grownups. In an online study of over 10,000 high school pupils across the state, over 40 % responded that they did non experience their school experience provided practical and necessary life accomplishments, and over one-third rated their critical thought preparation as fair-to-poor ( National Governor ‘s Association, 2005 ) . General Objective Describe part of critical believing degree in high school pupils. Identify relationship or impact of societal factor on visual aspect of critical thought process.Find an appropriate theoretical account to depict and foretell the relationship between variables Definition of Terminology Conceptual: Adolescent: Adolescent is a transitional phase of physical and mentalA human developmentA by and large happening betweenA pubertyA and legalA maturity ( Viner R 2005 ) .A A Critical thought: critical thought is calculated, self-regulatory determination which consequences in reading, analysis, rating, and tax write-off account of the determination ( Facione, 1990 ) . Peer communicating: equal communicating is the association of equals into little groups that have changing abilities in which all pupils can take part to acquire a common purpose. Social credence: societal credence is the grade to which an stripling is socially accepted by equals. It includes the degree of equal attraction and the easiness with which an stripling can get down and continue acceptable equal relationships. Operational: Adolescent: Harmonizing toA Erikson phase ‘s of human development an stripling is a individual between the ages of 13 and 19 Critical thought: The pre-disposed attitude one of course possesses sing critical thought. The degree of critical thought in participants will be measured through the researcher-developed Engagement, Maturity, and Innovativeness ( EMI ) . Peer communicating: The degree of equal communicating will be measured by The kids ‘s outlooks of societal behavior questionnaire ( Rudolph, Hammen, A ; Burge, 1995 ) and stock list of equal fond regard ( Armsden A ; Greenberg, 1987 ) Social credence: This survey will happen the degree of societal credence through societal credence Asher and Dodge ‘s ( 1986 ) step. Specific Objective Identify the nexus between equal communicating and critical thought Identify the nexus between societal credence and critical thought Did peer communicating intercede the nexus between societal credence and critical thought? Research Hypothesis This survey hunt for placing interacts and impacts of societal elements on critical thought, so there are three hypotheses to expect relationship between variables. There is significance grounds of critical thought in striplings with high degree in equal communicating There is significance grounds of critical thought in striplings with high degree in societal credence Critical thought and societal credence and peer communicating interact with each other. Methodology Research Design: In this quantitative research will be used correlativity design to find the relationship between variables. Besides, descriptive method will be used to depict the distribution of variables Inclusion Standards Ages: all participants will be in adolescence age ( 13-19 ) Gender: They will be approximately every bit split by gender Race and Language: they will be selected approximately every bit among three races ( Malay, Indian, and Chinese ) Sampling and participants Participants will be selected through bunch trying method. Population will be all striplings in KL high schools. Participants will be 300 striplings in KL high schools Data Collection All informations will be collected through questionnaires with good dependability and cogency. Therefore, it could be conveyed self-report questionnaires will be used as a information aggregation technique in this survey. Instrument Four questionnaires will be used in this survey: The researcher-developed Engagement, Maturity, and Innovativeness ( EMI ) critical thought temperament appraisal will be used to mensurate the critical thought temperament of striplings. Adolescents ‘ representations of equals. The Children ‘s Expectations of Social Behaviour Questionnaire ( Rudolph, Hammen, A ; Burge, 1995 ) will be used to tap kids ‘s representations of urine R. Inventory of Peer Attachment ( Armsden A ; Greenberg, 1987 ) to mensurate peer fond regard in striplings. Social credence Asher and Dodge ‘s ( 1986 ) societal credence step will be used in this survey Dependability Adolescents ‘ representations of equals. The Children ‘s Expectations of Social Behavior Questionnaire ( Rudolph, Hammen, A ; Burge, 1995 ) will used to tap striplings ‘ representations of equals. intentionally, this 15-item questionnaire taps striplings ‘ outlooks of their equals ‘ responses to conjectural aversive state of affairss in which a stripling needs aid, keep up, and sensitiveness from his or her equals. This step was made to order to do it allow for state of affairss that involved striplings, and to include a 4-point response format ( instead than a 3-point response format ) runing from ( 1 ) most positive outlook to ( 4 ) most negative outlook ( Cassidy A ; Woodhouse, 1997 ; Appendix B ) . All points will b eupturned scored. For each point, striplings read a sketch picturing a conjectural state of affairs and were so instructed to acknowledge how the equals would reply to the state of affairs. Rudolph et Al. ( 1995 ) accounted good psychom etric belongingss for theprimary step ( e.g. , good internal consistence, test-retest dependabilities and significant concept cogency in a sample of 7-to 12-year-old kids ) . They besides reported good convergent cogency for this step. For illustration, they found that kids who had more negative representations of equals were significantly more likely to exhibit maladaptive societal behaviour and lower societal competency. In that survey, the Cronbach ‘s alpha was 0.76. This step contained a set of written instructions inquiring striplings to â€Å" rate the extent to which you like to be in activities with the undermentioned pupils. † Below this set of instructions, was the same roll of 75 schoolmates that the stripling used in the societal behaviour instrument. Adolescents used a 5-point Liker-type graduated table runing from non at all ( 1 ) to a batch ( 5 ) to do their evaluations. A societal credence mark for each participant was computed based upon evaluations that the participant received from his or her schoolmates. This mark was calculated foremost by taking the mean of all the evaluations for that participant and so standardising this mean within the participant ‘s school. Furthermore, in a longitudinal survey of early striplings, Wentzel and Caldwell ( 1997 ) reported significant test-retest dependability and prognostic cogency, bespeaking that societal credence mediated by prosocial behaviour was related to striplings Ã¢â‚¬Ë œ GPA during 6th and 8th class. From the original 60 point critical thought pilot temperament trial, point and scale dependability analysis left a graduated table with 30 points and an overall Cronbach ‘s alpha of 0.86. The Innovativeness concept was represented by seven points and a standardised Cronbach ‘s alpha of 0.79, the Maturity concept was represented by six points and a standardised Cronbach ‘s alpha of 0.75, and the Engagement concept was represented by 13 points and a standardised Cronbach ‘s alpha of 0.89. These dependability estimations were deemed really high utilizing the standard standards ( R = 0.65 to 0.75 ) of Norris and Ennis ( 1989 ) . Extra statistics, such as each point ‘s mean, standard divergence, corrected item-total correlativity, and alpha if the point were deleted are reported in Table 3-3. Items were retained if they did non hold utmost agencies ; had what was considered to be adequate variableness in responses ; had corrected item-total correlativities ov er 0.2 ; and would do the dependability of the graduated table stronger. After the pilot trial tonss were analyzed and the strongest graduated table was identified, the research worker added points to the Maturity concept to include a broader representation of facets of the Maturity temperament. This left the new EMI instrument with 33 points. Peer fond regard graduated tables ( a = .90 ) consisted of 25 points and were rated on a five-point graduated table ( sample points: †my parents/friends understand me † ) . Each of the subscales ( trust, disaffection, and communicating ) was submitted to a Personal computer factor analysis and a parallel factor emerged for both parent and peer fond regard. The factor from the parent graduated tables was labelled †parental secure fond regard † ( k = 2.41 % ; 80.4 % of the discrepancy ) and consisted of trust ( .91 ) and communicating ( .88 ) , which loaded positively and disaffection, which loaded negatively ( _0.90 ) . The factor from the equal graduated tables was labelled †peer secure fond regard † ( k = 2.31 % ; 77.1 % of the discrepancy ) and consisted of trust ( .92 ) and communicating ( .91 ) , which loaded positively and disaffection, which loaded negatively ( _.80 ) . Data Analysis Method Mean, manner and discrepancy will be used to depict part of informations T-test will be used to place the nexus between variablesMultiple arrested development analyses will be used to place direct and indirect nexus between variables that mediated by other variables. Statistical Package for Social Science ( SPSS ) will be used to analysis all informations. How to cite Social Acceptances And Critical Thinking In Adolescents Education Essay, Essay examples

Reflective writing on Aboriginal and Torres Strait islanders peoples

Question: Discuss about the Reflective writing on Aboriginal and Torres Strait islanders peoples. Answer: Personal views of Aboriginal and Torres Strait islanders peoples It is evaluated that indigenous Australians are Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders' people f Australia, descendent from the groups that existed in Australia or could be described as people who surrounded islands prior to British Colonisation. These people are ethnically and culturally distinct. My personal views about the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders' people of Australia are based on their lifestyle and their culture. These people are recognized by their origin and have their own morals and rules to live the life. The indigenous Australians and Torres Strait Islanders' people of Australia are two different terms used to describe the tribes. These both tribes have their own separate culture, social value and ethics (Condon, et al. 2013). However, as compared to other countries in Australia, they are less open and living their life on the basis of their ancestors rules and belief. Mass media and various literatures have shown that some of the indigenous Australians and To rres Strait Islanders' peoples of Australia are still struggling with the basic needs and less inclined towards the sophistication of the word (Anderson, 2017). These people need to be changed and should abandon their existing culture. If it does not happen then they may face various diseases in their tribe. Discussion of the health consequences of globalisation The Australian government has also endeavoured towards providing possible benefits to the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders' people to mitigate their health issues. There are several issues such as heart diseases, failure of body respiratory system, diabetes,depression, gastrointestinal problems, andasthma due to the polluted and negative environment conditions. Australian governments need to embrace its diverse origin and their contribution to ethnic-culture groups within the nation. I have my own perception that media and literature show us half of the history and they are more inclined towards making money. The true history of the indigenous Australians and Torres Strait Islanders' peoples could be found by understanding their real rich culture and lifestyle. These people are also restricted by many countries for the visa and immigration. However, as compared to other countries in Australia, surrounding clans of indigenous Australians and Torres Strait Islanders' peoples foll ow their own real rich culture and set norms to live their life. There are several similarities which may be found between indigenous Australians and Torres Strait Islanders' peoples of Australia and other countries. The indigenous Australians and Torres Strait Islanders' peoples of Australia are also given same right which is given to people of other countries. These people are highly promoted by the government in many sectors either by granting them monetary assistance or other supports (Ramsamy, 2017). Principle of community engagement The principle of community engagement focuses on the inclusive planning, and procedure to ensure that the design, organization, and convening of the process serve both a clearly defined purpose and the needs of indigenous Australians and Torres Strait Islanders' peoples. This principle provides the adequate assistance to the indigenous Australians and Torres Strait Islanders' peoples to uplift their standards of living. Family/ personal history of indigenous Australians and Torres Strait Islanders' peoples influence the perception of others These indigenous Australians and Torres Strait Islanders' peoples of Australia have faced various health issues such as cancer, diabetes and mental issues and infant mortality. It has been highly dominated by semi-nomadic hunter-gatherers with a strong spiritual connection. These people had their forbearers in the region consisted ofopen tropical forestsandwoodlands of Australia. However, these people are highly dominated by the rich culture and set norms to live their life. After 1900, indigenous Australians and Torres Strait Islanders' peoples of Australia were highly affected by the diseases, violence and the spread of foreign settlement and custom rules. I have realized that these indigenous Australians like to be known for their own culture and ancestor names (Anderson, 2017). By the end of world war, many indigenous men had served in the military on their own conditions and were appreciated by the government for their support. Before the certain time, indigenous Australian peop le were not eligible for vote but after commonwealth games, they become eligible to give the vote. There are several historical cases which have been described in literature and Medias. The main thing about the indigenous Australian people and Torres Strait Islanders' peoples of Australia which I found is based on their culture (Armstrong, et al. 2017). They prefer to be known by their tribe. How social and culture factors shape the health belief, experience and outcomes of indigenous Australians and Torres Strait Islanders' peoples of Australia They are less inclined towards to the sophistication of the world and more stuck with their family rituals and their rich culture. The family history of the Torres Strait Islanders' peoples of Australia is famous for saving their land either from government and other people. After evaluating the various literature reviews, I observe that these indigenous Australian people are suffering from several diseases and problems which may make their life tough. However, they are very rigid in adapting with the new culture of Australia (Murphy, 2015). References Anderson, P., 2017. Aboriginal and Torres strait islanders peoples from across Australia make the historic statement. Indigenous Law Bulletin,8(29), p.9. Armstrong, G., Ironfield, N., Kelly, C.M., Dart, K., Arabena, K., Bond, K. and Jorm, A.F., 2017. Re-development of mental health first aid guidelines for supporting Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders who are engaging in non-suicidal self-injury.BMC psychiatry,17(1), p.300. Condon, J.R., Garvey, G., Whop, L.J., Valery, P.C., Thomas, D.P., Gruen, R. and Cunningham, J., 2013. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians and cancer. InCancer Forum(Vol. 37, No. 1, pp. 27-30). Cancer Council Australia. Murphy, E., 2015. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.Green Left Weekly, (1072), p.5. Ramsamy, N., 2017. Indigenous birthing in remote locations: grandmothers law and government medicine.Yatdjuligin: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Nursing and Midwifery Care, p.97.